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Carnival Cruise

Carnival Cruise Line is an international cruise line with headquarters in Doral, Florida. Its logo is the funnel found on its ships, which is red, white and blue, and shaped like a whale's tail. Currently, Carnival is the largest cruise line in the world, based on passengers carried annually, annual revenue, and total number of ships in fleet.

Carnival is one of ten cruise line brands owned by the world's largest cruise ship operator, the American-British Carnival Corporation & plc. In 2018 Carnival Cruise Line was estimated to hold an 8.9% share of cruise industry revenue and 22.0% of passengers.^[2] It has 26 vessels and is the largest fleet in the Carnival group.^[3] The ships fly flags of convenience; 18 of the ships fly the Panama flag, six of the Bahamas and two of Malta. Its headquarters are in Miami, Florida, the United States. The North American division of Carnival Corporation has executive control over the corporation and is headquartered in Doral, Florida.^[4]^[5]

History[edit]

Carnival Cruise Line was founded in 1972 by Ted Arison. To finance the venture, Arison turned to his friend Meshulam Riklis, who owned Boston-based American International Travel Service (AITS). Arison and Riklis set up the new company as a subsidiary of AITS. AITS was to market and promote the new venture. In 1974, due to regulatory issues, Riklis sold AITS's interest in the company to Arison for $1, but subject to Arison taking over the substantial company debts.^[6] The split enabled Arison to enter into new relationships with independent travel agents. He also promoted his cruises to fun-loving younger people. The format was very successful financially.^[6] Until 1975, the line consisted of only one ship, the Mardi Gras. In 1975 another ship was acquired, the Carnivale.^[6]

In 1996, Carnival Destiny of 101,000 GT became the largest passenger ship in the world at the time and first to exceed 100,000 tons.

In 2001, Robert H. Dickinson, then President and CTC, participated in a BBC documentary, Back To The Floor. Dickinson went to work at the lowest crew levels on the MS Carnival Imagination in the Caribbean, where he shadowed a Romanian cleaner, Alina.^[7]

In 2004, Carnival Corporation ordered for a development program for Carnival's new ships, the Pinnacle Project, calling for a 200,000 GT prototype, which would have been the world's largest cruise ship at the time. The ship was cancelled and after that they came up with a project called Next Generation.^[8]

In 2009, Carnival released their biggest ship at the time, the Carnival Dream, a new 128,000 GT ship. Carnival Dream entered service on 21 September 2009. After several voyages in the Mediterranean, she was set to offer weekly Caribbean cruises from Port Canaveral from 5 December 2009. A sister ship, Carnival Magic, debuted on 1 May 2011. On 1 December 2009 it was announced that Carnival placed an order for a third Dream-class vessel.^[9] It entered service in June 2012 and its homeport is now Galveston.^[10] On May 10, 2010, Carnival selected a name for their new Dream-class vessel in 2012 - Carnival Breeze.^[11]

On 26 October 2012, it was announced that Carnival had ordered a brand new 133,500 GT ship for their Carnival Cruise Line brand. This ship, built by Fincantieri, was the largest ship they have ever built. It sailed its maiden voyage on May 1, 2016.^[12] The new ship was named Carnival Vista.^[13]

In January 2017, Michael Thamm was appointed CEO of Carnival Asia to oversee operations in China and the surrounding region.

A sister to Carnival Vista, Carnival Horizon, joined the fleet with its inaugural voyage from Barcelona on April 2, 2018. Queen Latifah is the Godmother of the ship for its christening in New York on May 23, 2018.^[14]

Carnival Panorama is set to join the fleet in December 2019.

In February 2018, the company's officials unveiled a major port development project in Ensenada, Mexico.^[15]

Economic impact[edit]

In 2016, Carnival extended their contract with Port Everglades cruise port to 2030.^[16] The port began a $54 million renovation in anticipation of the deal. The agreement brings in an estimated 4,780 local jobs and over $200 million in personal income.^[17]

In 2018, Carnival brought the Carnival Fantasy to Mobile, Alabama.^[18] Economists anticipate an increase in tourism to Mobile and revenue at an estimated $35 million.^[19]

Influence on the Caribbean[edit]

In 2018, the Caribbean region is the most popular cruise destination. Cruise tourism brings $7.4 billion to the State of Florida.^[20]

Carnival's presence in Florida benefits the Miami International Airport, Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, and Palm Beach International Airport.^[21] Recent studies demonstrated the increase in jobs to the region mentioned impact to the hotel industry, Rodeway Inn & Suites Fort Lauderdale Airport and Port Everglades Cruiseport hotel, and impact to advertising agencies and other businesses.^[22] Food processors, electrical and nonelectrical machinery manufacturers are the next most influenced industries in the area by the expansion of Carnival's presence.^[21]

Hurricane Katrina charters[edit]

Carnival Ecstasy docked in New Orleans

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, three of the Carnival cruise ships were chartered by the United States government for six months to serve as temporary housing until the houses can be rebuilt. After being chartered for six months, their planned voyages were cancelled, and passengers were refunded. Holiday was originally docked in Mobile, Alabama, and later Pascagoula, Mississippi, and Ecstasy and Sensationwere docked at New Orleans, Louisiana. The six-month contract cost $236 million. The contract was widely criticized, because the vessels were never fully utilized, and Carnival received more money than it would have earned by using the ships in their normal rotation.^[23]

Controversies[edit]

The company has reportedly been paying wages under $1.50 per hour to employees with low-to-nonexistent benefits, such as holidays or minimal vacations.^[24] Monthly salaries of the high-paid workers are around $1,300. Employees report strenuous working conditions such as 14-hour shifts with no days off. Retirement benefits were revoked in October 2013.^[25]

Carnival Cruise Line headquarters in Doral, Florida

Accidents and incidents[edit]

See also Costa Crociere Accidents and incidents for incidents associated with the parent company's other cruise operations.

On September 19, 1999, Carnival Tropicale's engine room caught fire en route from Cozumel to Tampa. While disabled in the Gulf of Mexico, the ship was struck by Tropical Storm Harvey. The Carnival Tropicale spent two days without propulsion.^[26]

On November 8, 2010, a fire broke out in the generator room of Carnival Splendor and the ship lost power. The ship was adrift off the west coast of Mexico until it was towed to San Diego.^[27]

On February 10, 2013, Carnival Triumph, with 3,143 passengers aboard, suffered an engine room fire, leaving the ship adrift for four days in the Gulf of Mexico.^[28] The engine fire led to a power outage on the ship, which in turn caused raw sewage to back up. The media dubbed the ordeal "The Poop Cruise".^[29] The ship was towed to Mobile, Alabama, docking on the evening of February 14.^[30]^[31] In subsequent litigation, Carnival documents were uncovered that revealed multiple generator maintenance problems creating a "disaster waiting to happen." In response, Carnival's court filing stated that the contract that passengers agree to when they buy a ticket "makes absolutely no guarantee for safe passage, a seaworthy vessel, adequate and wholesome food, and sanitary and safe living conditions."^[32]

On March 14, 2013, Carnival Dream experienced an emergency generator failure while docked in port at Philipsburg, Sint Maarten. The ship was scheduled to leave port around 5 p.m. ET the day before. The United States Coast Guard said they were notified by Carnival that Carnival Dream was experiencing emergency generator problems. Carnival announced that the passengers would be flown back to Florida rather than completing their scheduled voyage.^[33]

On the morning of March 15, 2013, Carnival Legend suffered a mechanical problem with one propulsion pod while at sea. The cruise line cancelled Carnival Legend's scheduled stops in Belize and Grand Cayman, and the ship returned to Tampa, Florida at a reduced speed of 19 knots (22 mph) (Legend has a regular cruising speed of 24 knots).^[34]^[35]^[36]

On December 27, 2015, an electrician who had been working on the Carnival Ecstasy was crushed to death while working in an elevator.^[37] The accident had heavy publicity after a video was posted online.^[38]

In February 2018, a series of brawls broke out on the Carnival Legend. Staff were criticized for not containing the brawls and for exercising heavy force against passengers.^[39]

On May 3, 2018 a pipe burst in the Carnival Dream’s fire suppression system, flooding 50 staterooms.^[40]

In November 2018 the Carnival Sunshine experienced a technical issue which caused the ship to list for approximately one minute.^[41]

On December 29, 2018 lifeboat number 28 broke loose from the Carnival Dream for unknown reasons and the lifeboat cannot be put back on the ship due to excessive damage. Carnival Cruise Line will replace the lifeboat sometime in January 2019. This was the Carnival Dream’s second issue of 2018.

Ships[edit]

Current Fleet[edit]

Ship	Class	Sailing for Carnival	Refit	Gross Tonnage	Guest Capacity	Home Port	Flag	Notes
Carnival Horizon	Vista	2018–present		133,500 GT	3,960	Miami, Florida	Panama	The largest ship ever built by Fincantieri for Carnival Cruise Line.^[42]
Carnival Vista	Vista	2016–present		133,500 GT	3,934	Galveston, Texas	Panama	The largest ship ever built by Fincantieriuntil Carnival Horizon
Carnival Breeze	Dream	2012–Present	2017	128,000 GT^[43]	3,690	Port Canaveral, Florida	Panama	The largest ship ever built by Fincantieriuntil Carnival Vista
Carnival Magic	Dream	2011–Present	2016	128,000 GT^[44]	3,690	Miami, Florida Fort Lauderdale, Florida Beginning May 5, 2019	Panama	The largest ship ever built by Fincantieriuntil Carnival Breeze
Carnival Dream	Dream	2009–Present	2017, 2012	128,000 GT^[45]	3,646	New Orleans, Louisiana Until May 12, 2019 Galveston, Texas Beginning May 13, 2019	Panama	Had a flood on deck 9 after a burst pipe and ruined 50 staterooms in May 2018
Carnival Splendor	Splendor	2008–Present	2016, 2011	113,300 GT^[45]	3,012	Long Beach, California Until October 5, 2019 Sydney, Australia Beginning December 11, 2019	Panama	Referred to as a Splendor-class ship, was originally designed for Costa Cruises as Costa Splendor, but the Carnival Splendor was transferred to Carnival Cruise Line during construction and is essentially a modified version of the Concordia-class ships.
Carnival Freedom	Conquest	2007–Present	2014	110,000 GT	2,980	Galveston, Texas	Panama
Carnival Liberty	Conquest	2005–Present	2016, 2011	110,000 GT	2,980	Port Canaveral, Florida	Panama
Carnival Valor	Conquest	2004–Present	2016, 2011	110,000 GT	2,980	Galveston, Texas Until May 10, 2019 New Orleans, Louisiana Beginning May 11, 2019	Panama
Carnival Glory	Conquest	2003–Present	2017, 2012	110,000 GT	2,980	Miami, Florida Until February 28, 2019 New Orleans, Louisiana Beginning March 2, 2019	Panama
Carnival Conquest	Conquest	2002–Present	2017, 2012	110,000 GT	2,980	Fort Lauderdale, Florida Until May 5, 2019 Miami, Florida Beginning May 5, 2019	Panama
Carnival Miracle	Spirit	2004–Present	2015, 2012	88,500 GT	2,124	Tampa, Florida Long Beach, California Beginning October 12, 2019 San Diego, California Beginning December 1, 2019 Miami, Florida Beginning February 14, 2020 San Francisco, California Beginning March 19, 2020 San Diego, CaliforniaBeginning October 4, 2020	Panama	Built to Panamax form factor
Carnival Legend	Spirit	2002–Present	2018, 2014	88,500 GT	2,124	(September–April) Sydney, Australia Melbourne, Australia^[46] Tampa, Florida Beginning October 27, 2019	Malta	Built to Panamax form factor
Carnival Pride	Spirit	2002–Present	2014	88,500 GT	2,124	Baltimore, Maryland^[47]	Panama	Built to Panamax form factor, Former Flagship for Carnival
Carnival Spirit	Spirit	2001–Present	2018, 2015, 2012	88,500 GT	2,124	Sydney, Australia Until January 12, 2020 Melbourne Beginning January 14, 2020 (April–September) Seattle, Washington ; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ; Honolulu, Hawaii Beginning April 10, 2020 (September–April) Brisbane, Australia Beginning October 25, 2020	Malta	Built to Panamaxform factor
Carnival Victory	Destiny/Sunshine	2000–2020 When she will be refitted as Carnival Radiance.	2018, 2015, 2010	101,509 GT	2,754	Miami, Florida	Panama	Modified Destiny-class. Be named Carnival Radiance in year 2020
Carnival Triumph	Destiny/Sunshine	1999–2019 When she will be refitted as Carnival Sunrise	2016, 2013	101,509 GT	2,754	New Orleans, Louisiana Until March 1, 2019 New York City, New York ; Norfolk, Virginia& Fort Lauderdale, Florida Beginning April 29, 2019	Bahamas	Modified Destiny-class. On February 14, 2013 the ship was towed to Mobile, Alabama for repairs after an engine room fire and resumed service on June 13, 2013, almost 4 months after being out of service. In April 2019,Carnival Triumph will be renamed to Carnival Sunrise after a major $200 million drydock.^{[citation needed]}
Carnival Sunshine	Destiny/Sunshine	2013–Present as Carnival Sunshine 1996-2013 as Carnival Destiny	2016, 2013	102,853 GT	3,002	Port Canaveral, Florida Until May 17, 2019 Charleston, South Carolina Beginning May 18, 2019^[48]	Bahamas	Originally sailed as Carnival Destiny from 1996 to 2013. World's largest passenger ship (measured by gross tonnage), when built. First cruise ship over 100,000 GT. Carnival now identifies the Sunshine as the only member of Sunshine Class. The first ship in the fleet to receive all Funship 2.0 amenities.
Carnival Paradise	Fantasy	1998–Present	2018, 2015, 2008	71,909 GT	2,124	Tampa, Florida	Panama	Originally, Paradise
Carnival Elation	Fantasy	1998–Present	2017, 2014	71,909 GT	2,130	Jacksonville, Florida Until May 11, 2019 Port Canaveral, Florida Beginning May 12, 2019	Panama	Originally, Elation
Carnival Inspiration	Fantasy	1996–Present	2018, 2016, 2013	70,367 GT	2,056	Long Beach, California	Bahamas	Originally, Inspiration
Carnival Imagination	Fantasy	1995–Present	2016, 2013	70,367 GT	2,056	Long Beach, California	Bahamas	Originally, Imagination
Carnival Fascination	Fantasy	1994–Present	2018, 2015, 2013	70,367 GT	2,056	San Juan, Puerto Rico ; Barbados	Bahamas	Originally, Fascination
Carnival Sensation	Fantasy	1993–Present	2017, 2009	70,367 GT	2,056	Miami, Florida	Bahamas	Originally, Sensation
Carnival Ecstasy	Fantasy	1991–Present	2017	70,367 GT	2,056	Charleston, South Carolina Until May 15, 2019 Jacksonville, Florida Beginning May 16, 2019	Panama	Originally, Ecstasy
Carnival Fantasy	Fantasy	1990–present	2016, 2010	70,367 GT	2,056	Mobile, Alabama	Panama	Originally, Fantasy

Notes[edit]

Two more Destiny-class ships sail for Carnival's sister company Costa Cruises, Costa Fortuna and Costa Magica.
Carnival Triumph and Carnival Victory are Modified-Destiny-class cruise ship that were built with two more decks than the rest of the Destiny-class ships.
Two more Spirit-class ships sail for Carnival's sister company Costa Cruises, Costa Atlantica and Costa Mediterranea.
One more Dream-class ship sails for Carnival's sister company Costa Cruises, Costa Diadema.
Conquest-class is based on the overall design of the Destiny-class, but are longer. Because of the additional length, the Conquest class has expanded facilities compared to the Destiny class. Not all ships have a reservations-only restaurant. Carnival Conquest, Carnival Glory, Carnival Valor, Carnival Liberty and Carnival Freedom, slightly differ from the rest of the fleet because they have Carnival's Seaside Theater installed by the main pool on the lido deck. The Destiny-class ships, Carnival Destiny, Carnival Triumph and Carnival Victory also have one installed. Carnival Splendor and the Dream-class ships, Carnival Dream, Carnival Magic and Carnival Breeze, as well as Carnival Vista, were built with the Seaside Theater.
Carnival Splendor offers facilities other ships do not have. This is because the ship was originally designed and built for Carnival's sister company Costa Cruises. Costa Cruises had five sister ships to Carnival Splendor: Costa Concordia, Costa Serena, Costa Pacifica, Costa Favolosa and Costa Fascinosa,^{[citation needed]} until the Costa Concordia was grounded and wrecked in January 2012. The inaugural voyage for Carnival Splendor was on 2 July 2008 from Genoa, Italy to Dover, England.

Future ships[edit]

Ship	Build Year	Will sail for Carnival	Gross Tonnage	Home Port	Flag	Notes
Carnival Panorama	2018	2019	135,500 GT	Long Beach, California^[49]	Panama	Sister to the Carnival Vista and Carnival Horizon. Originally planned to sail for P&O Cruises Australia.^[50]
Carnival Mardi Gras	2019	2020	185,000 GT	Port Canaveral, FL	Panama	Will be the first LNG powered and the largest ship ever built for Carnival Cruise Line.^[51] The ship's name was announced on the December 5, 2018 episode of Wheel of Fortune.
TBA	2021	2022	185,000 GT	Port Everglades , FL	Panama	Will be built by Meyer Turku, Finland^[52]
TBA	2022	2023	135,500 GT	Asia	TBD	To Sail for Carnival China (Based on Vista Class)^[53]
TBA	2023	2024	135,500 GT	Asia	TBD	To Sail for Carnival China (Based on Vista Class)^[53]

Former fleet[edit]

Ship	Class	Year Built	Sailed for Carnival	Gross Tonnage	Flag	Notes
Mardi Gras	Empress	1961	1972–1993	27,284 GT registered as 18,261 GT	Panama	Also known as Empress of Canada, Olympic, Star of Texas, Lucky Star, Apollo, and Apollon. Scrapped in 2003.
Carnivale	Empress	1956	1975–1993	31,500 GT	Panama	Also known as Empress of Britain, Queen Anna Maria, Fiesta Marina, Olympic, and The Topaz. Sold for scrap in 2008.
Festivale	Festivale	1962	1977–1996	32,697 GT	Panama	Also known as Transvaal Castle, S.A. Vaal, Island Breeze, and Big Red Boat III. Sold for scrap in 2003.
Tropicale	Tropicale	1982	1982–2001	36,674 GT	Liberia	Was Carnival's first purpose-built ship. Also known as Costa Tropicale, and Pacific Star. Now known as Ocean Dream in May 2008.
Holiday	Holiday	1985	1985–2009	46,051 GT	Madeira, Portugal	In 2009, Holiday became the Grand Holiday for Iberocruceros. Now sails with Cruise & Maritime Voyages as the Magellan.
Jubilee	Holiday	1986	1986–2004	47,262 GT	Liberia	In 2004 Jubilee became the Pacific Sun for P&O Cruises Australia and the Henna in 2013. Sold for scrap in 2017.
Celebration	Holiday	1987	1987–2008	47,262 GT	Madeira, Portugal	In 2008 Celebration became the Grand Celebration for Iberocruceros, now sails for Bahamas Paradise Cruise Line.